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Alcohol and Cancer Risk: How Much is Too Much? American Association for Cancer Research AACR

By admin | March 25, 2024

Such models can identify trends (e.g., J- or U-shaped curves) as well as other relationships between alcohol exposure levels and relative risks. The investigators then chose the best-fitting model to summarize the relation of interest (Corrao et al. 1999). Next, they assessed whether gender modified the effect of alcohol on the risk for each neoplasm. They also looked at the effect of adjusting the reported estimates for smoking when examining tobacco-related types of cancer. Finally, the researchers evaluated the variability (i.e., heterogeneity) among the studies’ results according to methods proposed by Greenland and Longnecker (1992). For female breast cancer, the meta-analysis described here confirms the existence of a strong dose-risk relationship between alcohol consumption level and breast cancer risk.

Statistical analysis

In New Zealand, an industry-paid consultant working for tobacco, alcohol and UPF companies sent Freedom of Information Act requests to researchers and advocates and used the resulting information to denigrate them. The tale grows more complex when we consider the various ways alcohol interacts with our bodies. It can impair nutrient and vitamin absorption, alter hormone levels, and even make it easier for harmful chemicals to penetrate cells in the mouth and throat. It can affect the bacteria in our guts, the so-called microbiome, that we live with and is important for our health and well-being. When we drink, our bodies break down alcohol into acetaldehyde, a substance that can damage our DNA, the blueprint of our cells. This means that alcohol can potentially rewrite our DNA and create changes called mutations, which in turn can cause cancer.

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Therefore, one cannot draw any conclusions regarding a potential causal role of alcohol in the development of these cancers. To evaluate the overall effects of alcohol on the cancer risk of a population, one must accurately quantify its effects on various types of tumors. To this end, researchers have performed comprehensive meta-analyses of published studies investigating the relationship between alcohol intake and the risk for numerous types of cancer. Meta-analyses are studies that pool data from several studies, thereby substantially enhancing the overall number of cases evaluated. This approach allows researchers to detect relationships that may have been overlooked in the individual studies because of the relatively small sample size and insufficient statistical power of those individual studies.

1. Alcohol usage particularly increases the risk for colorectal, liver, stomach, breast, head, neck, and throat cancers.
2. To determine the effects of alcohol on the risk for various types of cancer, the researchers used three statistical methods.
3. In terms of risk assessment, this meta-analysis confirms that high levels of alcohol consumption (i.e., more than four drinks per day) result in a substantial risk of cancer development at several sites.

Researchers of tobacco, alcohol and ultra-processed foods face threats and intimidation: New study

We don’t know yet if it works, but there are possible opportunities to use apps or text messaging tools to help people change their alcohol behaviors. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism has found a noticeable increase in alcohol consumption during holidays such as Christmas and New Year’s. Research published earlier this month in the Annals of Internal Medicine shows alcohol use among Americans has increased 4% since the pandemic, with heavy drinking rising by 20%.

Which Cancers Are Most at Risk From Drinking Alcohol?

Numerous studies indicated that people were drinking more alcohol, with stress, increased access, and boredom cited as factors. There likely are additional cancers linked to drinking alcohol, Dr. Orlow says, but more well-designed studies (epidemiological and other) are needed to prove that alcohol is a contributing risk factor. According to the federal government’s Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020–2025, individuals who do not drink alcohol should not start drinking for any reason. The Dietary Guidelines also recommends that people who drink alcohol do so in moderation by limiting consumption to 2 drinks or less in a day for men and 1 drink or less in a day for women. Heavy alcohol drinking is defined as having 4 or more drinks on any day or 8 or more drinks per week for women and 5 or more drinks on any day or 15 or more drinks per week for men. While cancer remains primarily a disease that affects older people (57% of diagnoses are among people age 65 and older), the report authors highlighted concerning trends in cancer among middle age adults.

Alcohol Consumption and the Risk of Cancer

But recent changes in taxing policy, which has increased the cost of alcohol in those countries, have caused a drop in alcohol sales. Alcohol also reduces the body’s ability to absorb certain cancer-protective nutrients, including vitamins A, C, D, E and folate. There’s also a high degree of variability in how people report serving sizes of alcohol. One person may have a standard serving of 5 ounces of wine, while another may fill a 16-ounce wineglass to the brim, and both may report that they had one glass.

Furthermore, substantial epidemiological evidence (as reviewed in this article) accrued over the past 50 years has shown that alcohol contributes to the development of these cancers. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying alcohol-related cancer development remain largely unclear. Globally, the WHO European Region has the highest alcohol consumption level and the highest proportion of drinkers in the population.

Over 4% of all new cancer cases in 2020 were attributable to alcohol consumption, according to a study published Tuesday in the journal The Lancet Oncology. The results remained the same when the data were adjusted for other cancer risk factors, such as smoking, diet, physical activity, body mass and family history of cancer. The study team used DNA samples from approximately 150,000 participants (roughly 60,000 men and 90,000 women) in the China Kadoorie Biobank study and measured the frequency of the low-alcohol tolerability alleles for ALDH2 and ADH1B. The data were combined with questionnaires about drinking habits completed by participants at recruitment and subsequent follow-up visits. The participants were tracked for a median period of 11 years through linkage to health insurance records and death registers.

Where appropriate, investigators should consider co-occurrence of alcohol use with other cancer-related behavioral risk factors (e.g., tobacco use, sun exposure, physical activity, sleep disturbances) when designing interventions. Research gaps also exist in understanding additive, synergistic or antagonistic effects of alcohol use in cancer prevention and control. Department of Agriculture have defined moderate drinking as no more than one drink per day for women and no more than two drinks per day for men. The researchers tom arnold weight loss also investigated whether gender modified the effect of alcohol intake on the risk for each type of cancer.

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